- Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The bacteria produce a poison (toxin) that can damage the heart, nerves, and kidneys and can be deadly.
- The most common sign of diphtheria is a thick gray or white coating in the back of the throat. It can also cause a fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and difficulty swallowing. In some cases, it can cause breathing problems and heart failure.
- Diphtheria can be prevented through vaccination. The diphtheria vaccine is usually given as part of a combination vaccine containing other vaccinations such as those for tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough). Vaccination is recommended for all children and adults.
- Treatment for diphtheria includes antibiotics to kill the bacteria, antitoxin to neutralize the toxin, and supportive care such as fluids and oxygen. People with diphtheria should be isolated to prevent the spread of the infection.
- Diphtheria is uncommon in developed countries due to widespread vaccination. However, it can still occur in unvaccinated or under-vaccinated populations, particularly in areas that have poor hygiene and sanitation. For example, it has been an ongoing problem in parts of Africa, where immunization rates are low.
- Diphtheria is a serious and potentially deadly infection. Vaccination is the most effective way to protect against it and ensure that it does not spread.
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