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Fertilization occurs when a sperm and egg fuse together to form a single cell called a zygote. During fertilization, the alleles from the mother and father combine to form a new organism. These combinations of alleles are known as genotypes and are responsible for the physical traits of the organism. Some of these traits are …

Combination of Allele during fertilization – ബീജസങ്കലന സമയത്ത് അല്ലീലിന്റെ സംയോജനം Read More »

Crossing over is a process that occurs during meiosis and is responsible for producing genetic variation. During meiosis, chromosomes exchange genetic material, resulting in the formation of new combinations of alleles. Cross over occurs when two homologous chromosomes break and exchange sections of their DNA, creating a new combination of alleles and a new set …

Crossing over chromosomes – A source of variation – ക്രോമസോമുകളിലൂടെ കടന്നുപോകുന്നത് – വ്യതിയാനത്തിന്റെ ഉറവിടം Read More »

The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes. 22 of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, are  different  between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have one copy of the X and one copy of …

Chromosome in humans – മനുഷ്യരിലെ ക്രോമസോം Read More »

How do genes act? Genes act by providing instructions for the production of proteins which, in turn, control the development and functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Genes are responsible for a wide range of physical and behavioural traits, including hair and eye colour, height, and personality. Genes can be altered by mutations, which can …

Genes act – ജീനുകൾ പ്രവർത്തിക്കുന്നത് Read More »

RNA is a type of nucleic acid that plays a role in a wide range of biological processes in all living organisms, including protein synthesis and gene regulation. RNA is made up of a single strand of nucleotides, which are molecules made up of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. RNA …

RNA – ആർ.എൻ.എ Read More »

A nucleotide is a subunit of DNA or RNA and is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in the case of DNA or ribose in the case of RNA), a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. There are four different types of nucleotides in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine …

Nucleotide – ന്യൂക്ലിയോടൈഡ് Read More »

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acid found in all living things that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that are twisted together to form a double helix structure and contains four main bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), …

DNA – ഡി.എൻ.എ Read More »

Gregor Mendel’s hybridisation experiment was conducted to study the inheritance of traits in pea plants. Mendel initially acquired true-breeding varieties of pea plants, meaning that they passed on their traits to each generation when crossed. He crossed plants that had different traits to see how the traits were passed on to the next generation. Mendel …

Hybridisation experiment conducted by Mendel – മെൻഡൽ നടത്തിയ ഹൈബ്രിഡൈസേഷൻ പരീക്ഷണം Read More »

1. Heredity is determined by the transmission of discrete, indivisible units or factors from one generation to the next. 2. Different traits are inherited independently of one another. 3. There are two factors (or alleles) for each trait, one from each parent. 4. The dominant factor will always mask the presence of the recessive factor. …

The interferences formulated by Mendel from such experiments – അത്തരം പരീക്ഷണങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് മെൻഡൽ രൂപപ്പെടുത്തിയ അനുമാനങ്ങൾ Read More »

Mendel’s first generation (or “P” generation) of his experiment involved crossing purebred plants with different traits, such as tall and dwarf. The resulting offspring (or “F1” generation) were all tall and had a dominant trait. In the second generation (or “F2” generation), the offspring of the F1 generation were crossed with one another. This resulted …

Recessive traits in first generation and the second generation – ആദ്യ തലമുറയിലെയും രണ്ടാം തലമുറയിലെയും മാന്ദ്യ സ്വഭാവവിശേഷങ്ങൾ Read More »