Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath—a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher, and political philosopher. One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, he was a principal drafter of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the U.S. Constitution (1787), and was the first U.S. Postmaster General. As a scientist, he was renowned for his experiments and theories on electricity. As an inventor, he is credited with inventing the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other devices. As a writer, he published widely in prose and verse, including Poor Richard’s Almanack, under the pseudonym Richard Saunders.
Early Life
Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the tenth of seventeen children. His father, Josiah Franklin, was a candle and soap maker. Benjamin received only a limited formal education, attending school for only two years. At the age of twelve, he became an apprentice to his older brother James, a printer.
Career
In 1723, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, where he established himself as a printer and publisher. He published the Pennsylvania Gazette and Poor Richard’s Almanack, which became one of the most popular publications in colonial America.
Franklin’s interest in science and public service led him to become involved in civic affairs. He founded the American Philosophical Society, a subscription library, and an academy that later became the University of Pennsylvania. He also served as Postmaster General of the Thirteen Colonies from 1753 to 1774.
Political Career
Franklin was a leader in the American struggle for independence from Great Britain. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and helped to draft theDeclaration of Independence. He was also a key figure in the negotiations that led to the Treaty of Alliance with France, which was crucial to the American victory in the Revolutionary War.
Later Life
After the war, Franklin served as the first U.S. ambassador to France and played a major role in securing French aid for the American Revolution. He also served as President of Pennsylvania from 1785 to 1788.
Legacy
Benjamin Franklin is considered one of the most important figures in American history. He was a brilliant polymath who made significant contributions to science, politics, and philosophy. His ideas and inventions continue to influence the world today.