Diamond is a crystalline structure composed of carbon atoms arranged in an alternating tetrahedron lattice structure. Diamonds are one of the hardest materials known to man, with a hardness rating of 10 on the Mohs scale. Diamonds are also very dense, with a specific gravity of 3.5, and they have a high refractive index of 2.417. Diamonds are also chemically stable, with a melting point of 3550°C and a boiling point of 4827°C. Diamonds are transparent to light and have a unique sparkle that comes from the way the light reflects off the facets of the crystal. Diamonds are also electrically insulating and have a high thermal conductivity.
