Gregor Mendel was a scientist who conducted experiments with plants in the 19th century. He is best known for his experiments with pea plants, which demonstrated the laws of inheritance. In his experiments, Mendel grew and cross-bred different varieties of pea plants to study the patterns of inheritance. He observed the outcomes of each cross and tracked the traits for several generations of plants. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered two laws of inheritance: the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. These laws explain how genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next and form the basis of modern genetics.
The first generation of Mendel’s pea plant experiments focused on the inheritance of seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants. Mendel studied traits such as plant height, flower colour, seed colour, seed shape, pod colour, pod shape, and flower position. He crossed true-breeding pea plants that were different in one trait (such as flower colour) and observed the resulting offspring. He then bred the offspring with each other and used the results to determine ratios of the different traits in the offspring, which allowed him to make conclusions about the way traits were inherited.
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