How do genes act?
Genes act by providing instructions for the production of proteins which, in turn, control the development and functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Genes are responsible for a wide range of physical and behavioural traits, including hair and eye colour, height, and personality. Genes can be altered by mutations, which can lead to changes in an organism’s traits.mRNA plays a key role in protein synthesis. It carries the genetic information from DNA in the form of a code that can be read by the ribosome and used to construct a protein. mRNA interacts with the ribosome, which reads the codons of the mRNA and translates them into amino acids. The ribosome links the amino acids together in the correct order to form a protein. Therefore, mRNA is essential for the translation of genetic information into proteins. Genes are sections of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins. In the nucleus, genes contain instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins, which are molecules that carry out most of the body’s functions. Additionally, genes can be involved in the regulation of other genes, which can control how much of a protein is made, when it is made, and where it is made. Finally, genes can also be involved in the regulation of other activities, such as cell division and apoptosis .The cytoplasm is a complex mixture of components, including proteins, enzymes, organelles, and other molecules. It is the site of multiple activities that are essential for cell functioning. These activities include metabolism, such as the production of energy and the synthesis of molecules; transport, such as the movement of molecules within the cell; and signalling, such as communication between cells. The cytoplasm also plays a role in the assembly and maintenance of the cytoskeleton, which is a network of proteins that helps to maintain the shape and structure of the cell. The cytoplasm also houses genetic material, including DNA, which is responsible for the expression of genes.