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LORD DALHOUSIE

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  INTRODUCTION

  • LORD DALHOUSIE’S real named is “JAMES ANDREW RAMSAY”
  • He served as the GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA FROM 1848 TO 1856.

“DOCTORINE OF LAPSE”

  • The “DOCTORINE OF LAPSE” was a policy followed by LORD DALHOUSIE during his GOVERNOR GENERAL position from 1848 to 1856.

  FEATURES OF “DOCTORINE OF LAPSE”

  • According to this policy,any princely state under the direct or indirect control of the EAST INDIA COMPANY where the ruler did not have a legal successor[heir]will be attached by the company.
  • As per this policy,the “Adopted son of any INDIAN RULER cannot be declared as the next ruler.ALSO the adopted son will not be allowed to have any of his FATHER’S title.
  • This policy challenged INDIAN RULER’S to appoint a successor [heir] of their choice.

“STATES ATTACHED USING DOCTORINE OF LAPSE”

  • IN 1824,the princely state of KITUR was attached

When DALHOUSIE became the GOVERNOR GENERAL,the major states attached are

  • JAIPUR
  • SAMBHALUPUR
  • UDAIPUR
  • JHANSI
  • NAGPUR
  • It was only because of this policy that DAMODAR RAO,the adopted son of LAKSHMI BHAI [RANI OF JHANSI] and NANA SAHIB,the adopted son of BAJI RAO 2 was not allowed to title as the next rulers.
  • This policy was the main reason that led to the “INDIAN REVOLT OF 1857”

  “POSITIVE ACTS OF LORD DALHOUSIE”

  • He introduced a number of REFORMS which lead to the modernization of INDIA.
  • These REFORMS earned him the title “MAKER OF MODERN INDIA”

  1) RAILWAY REFORMS.

  • He introduced a network of railways connecting places.
  • He is known as the “FATHER OF INDIAN RAILWAY”
  • The first railway line connecting BOMBAY and THANE was laid down in 1853 under his governance.

  2) ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH

  • IN 1852,he introduced “ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH SYSTEM” in INDIA.
  • IN 1854,the first TELEGRAPH LINE from CALCUTTA to AGRA covering 800 miles was introduced.
  • Peoples could send messages from one place to another using this ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

  3) POSTAL REFORMS

  • POSTAL REFORMS
  • He is also known for the introduction of “POSTAL DEPARTMENT”in INDIA
  • In 1854,a new “POST OFFICE ACT” was passed and for the first time “POSTAGE STAMPS” were introduced.

  4) SOCIAL REFORMS 

  • He abolished the “practice of human sacrifice”practiced in orissa,madras etc,The peoples of orissa,Madras etc believed that fertility of the soil will be increased by sacrificing human beings.
  • In 1855,he passes the “WIDOW REMARRIAGE ACT”which allowed the marriage of Hindu WIDOWS.

  5) PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT[PWD]

  • He established the PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT [PWD].The work of this Department was to Construct Roads,Canals,Bridges and government buildings.
  • Enginres were brought  from England to lead the works.
  • This lead to the construction of many major Roads,Canals,Bridges and buildings which are still in use in INDIA.

  BACK TO ENGLAND

  • After seven years of service as the Governor general,he returned to England on 1856.
  • The break of”INDIAN REVOLT OF 1857”led to widespread criticisms of his service career.
  • He passed away at the age of 48 on 19th December 1860.

  PROFILE 

NAME : JAMES ANDREW BROUN RAMSAY[DALHOUSIE]
 DATE OF BIRTH :  22ND APRIL 1812
 PLACE OF BIRTH : SCOTLAND,UNITED KINGDOM
 NATIONALITY : BRITISH
 TITLE : GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA [1848-1856]
 EDUCATION : CHRIST CHURCH OXFORD UNIVERSITY
 LIFE PARTNER :  LADY SUSAN HAY
 DATE OF DEATH :  19TH DECEMBER 1860[AGED 48]
 PLACE OF DEATH :  SCOTLAND,UNITED KINGDOM

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