The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae of the spine, which form a strong, protective column that surrounds the cord. Additionally, the spinal cord is surrounded by three protective layers of tissue called the meninges. These layers insulate the cord and help to cushion it from external impacts. The cerebrospinal fluid that is found in the subarachnoid space around the cord also helps to protect it from physical injury. Finally, the end of the spinal cord is protected by a structure called the filum terminale, which is a fibrous cord that runs from the end of the cord to the coccyx (tailbone).
coccyx,
meninges ,
cerebrospinal fluid