Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited disorder that affects the red blood cells. It is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin molecule that causes red blood cells to become sickle-shaped and rigid when exposed to low oxygen levels. This shape makes them unable to pass easily through blood vessels, leading to blockages and anaemia.
People with this disorder experience anaemia, fatigue, pain, organ damage, and infections. Treatment options include blood transfusions, antibiotics, pain medications, and hydroxyurea. In severe cases, bone marrow transplants may be necessary.
The best way to prevent sickle cell anaemia is through genetic counselling and prenatal testing. People with the condition can manage their symptoms with regular medical care and by avoiding dehydration, infection, and stress.
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