Utharayanam and Dakshinayanam are the two divisions of the year in the Hindu calendar. Utharayanam is the period of the year when the sun is in the north, and it marks the beginning of the Hindu year. Dakshinayanam is the period when the sun is in the south and marks the end of the Hindu year. Utharayanam typically lasts from January to July, and Dakshinayanam typically lasts from July to January. The two divisions of the year are based on the sun’s position in relation to the earth.