DEFINITION OF MOUNTAIN
- A MOUNTAIN is a “large land form” that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak.
- MOUNTAINS are formed through “TECTONIC FORCES” or “VOLCANISM”
- MOUNT EVEREST [8848 M] IS THE HIGHEST MOUNTAIN ON EARTH
- MOUNT WYCHEPROOF [148 M] AUSTRALIA IS THE SMALLEST MOUNTAIN ON EARTH.
TYPES OF MOUNTAIN
MOUNTAIN’S ARE OF 3 TYPES.
1)FOLD MOUNTAINS
2)BLOCK MOUNTAINS
3)VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS
1)FOLD MOUNTAIN
- When a part of EARTH’S surface known as “TECTONIC PLATE is pushed up from opposite side, folds are formed. This formation leads to” “FOLD MOUNTAINS” .
- This process of formation of fold MOUNTAINS is known as “OROGENT”
- It takes millions of years to create a FOLD MOUNTAIN.
- Examples OF FOLDED MOUNTAINS are.
- THE HIMALAYAS
- THE ANDES
- THE ALPS
2)BLOCK MOUNTAIN
- BLOCK MOUNTAINS are created “when large area are displaced vertically between two cracks or faults.
- The uplifted block are called “HORSTS” or “BLOCK MOUNTAINS”
- The lowered blocks are called “GRABEN”
- Two types of block mountains are.
- LIFTED TYPE BLOCK MOUNTAIN
- TILTED TYPE BLOCK MOUNTAIN
- Examples of block mountains are
- ARAVALLI
- RHINE VALLEY
- VOSGES
3)VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS
- VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS are formed as a result of volcanic activity.
- Molten lava emerges from the opening in Earth’s crust and on reaching the surface it hardens gradually
- With the passage of time, these lava piles up to from the VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN.
- Examples of volcanic mountains are.
- MOUNT FUJIYAMA
- MOUNT KILIMANJARO
FLOW CHART OF FAMOUS MOUNTAINS AND HEIGHT AND THEIR LOCATIONS
| NUMBER | MOUNTAIN | HEIGHT | LOCATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MOUNT EVEREST | 8848 M | NEPAL-TIBET BORDER |
| 2 | K2 | 8611 M | PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR |
| 3 | KANGCHENJUNNA | 8586 M | INDIAN/NEPAL |
| 4 | NANDA DEVI | 7816 M | INDIA |
| 5 | MOUNT LOGAN | 5959 M | CANADA |
| 6 | KILIMANJARO | 5895 M | TANZANIA |
| 7 | MOUNT LUCANIA | 5226 M | CANADA |
| 8 | MOUNT BLANC | 4809 M | FRANCE |
| 9 | MOUNT FUJI | 3776 M | JAPAN |
| 10 | MOUNT WYCHEPROOF | 148 M | AUSTRALIA |